Paper 185
The Trial Before Pilate 빌라도 앞의 재판
1. Pontius Pilate 본디오 빌라도
2. Jesus Appears Before Pilate 빌라도 앞에 선 예수
The written charges of the Sanhedrist tribunal 산헤드린 법정의 서면 고발장
3. The Private Examination by Pilate 빌라도의 비공개 심문
4. Jesus Before Herod 헤롯 앞에 선 예수
5. Jesus Returns to Pilate 빌라도에게 되돌아온 예수
6. Pilate’s Last Appeal 빌라도의 마지막 호소
The scourging of Jesus 예수에 대한 채찍질
“Behold the man!” “보라, 이 사람이로다!”
7. Pilate’s Last Interview 빌라도의 마지막 면담
8. Pilate’s Tragic Surrender 빌라도의 비극적 굴복
260201 위선의 강박적 살인 음모 요18:28 그들이 예수를 가야바에게서 관정으로 끌고 가니 새벽이라 그들은 더럽힘을 받지 아니하고 유월절 잔치를 먹고자 하여 관정에 들어가지 아니하더라
185:0.1 (1987.1) SHORTLY after six o’clock on this Friday morning, April 7, A.D. 30, Jesus was brought before Pilate, the Roman procurator who governed Judea, Samaria, and Idumea under the immediate supervision of the legatus of Syria. The Master was taken into the presence of the Roman governor by the temple guards, bound, and was accompanied by about fifty of his accusers, including the Sanhedrist court (principally Sadduceans), Judas Iscariot, and the high priest, Caiaphas, and by the Apostle John. Annas did not appear before Pilate. 같은 날 AD30.4.7. 금요일 아침 6시 직후, 예수는 시리아 사령관의 직접적인 감독 아래에서 유대, 사마리아, 그리고 이두매를 다스리던 로마 총독 빌라도 앞에 끌려갔습니다. 주님은 성전 경비병들에게 포박된 채 로마 총독 앞으로 압송되었고, 산헤드린 법정 (주로 사두개인들), 가룟 유다, 대사제 가야바와 사도 요한을 포함한 약 50명의 고소인이 동행했습니다. 안나스는 빌라도 앞에 나타나지 않았습니다.
185:0.2 (1987.2) Pilate was up and ready to receive this group of early morning callers, having been informed by those who had secured his consent, the previous evening, to employ the Roman soldiers in arresting the Son of Man, that Jesus would be early brought before him. This trial was arranged to take place in front of the praetorium, an addition to the fortress of Antonia, where Pilate and his wife made their headquarters when stopping in Jerusalem. 빌라도는 일어나 이른 아침의 이런 방문객 무리를 맞이할 준비가 되어있었는데, 전날 저녁 인자(人子 사람의 아들)를 체포하는 데 로마 병사들을 사용하도록 그의 동의를 받아낸 자들에게서 예수가 자신 앞에 일찍 압송될 것이라고 보고를 받았기 때문입니다. 이 재판은 안토니아 요새의 부속 건물인 관저 앞에서 열리도록 준비되었는데, 빌라도와 그의 아내가 예루살렘에 머물 때 본부로 삼던 곳이었습니다.
185:0.3 (1987.3) Though Pilate conducted much of Jesus’ examination within the praetorium halls, the public trial was held outside on the steps leading up to the main entrance. This was a concession to the Jews, who refused to enter any gentile building where leaven might be used on this day of preparation for the Passover. Such conduct would not only render them ceremonially unclean and thereby debar them from partaking of the afternoon feast of thanksgiving but would also necessitate their subjection to purification ceremonies after sundown, before they would be eligible to partake of the Passover supper. 빌라도가 상당 부분의 예수 심문을 관저 홀 내부에서 집행했지만, 공개 재판은 정문으로 이어지는 계단 바깥에서 열렸습니다. 이는 유대인들을 위한 배려였는데, 그들은 유월절 준비일인 이날에 누룩이 사용되었을지도 모르는 이방인의 건물에 들어가기를 거부했기 때문입니다. 그런 행위는 그들을 의례상 부정하게 만들어 오후의 감사 잔치에 참여하지 못하게 할 뿐만 아니라, 그들이 유월절 만찬에 참여할 자격을 갖추기 전에, 해가 진 뒤 정결 예식을 따라야 했기 때문이었습니다.
185:0.4 (1987.4) Although these Jews were not at all bothered in conscience as they intrigued to effect the judicial murder of Jesus, they were nonetheless scrupulous regarding all these matters of ceremonial cleanness and traditional regularity. And these Jews have not been the only ones to fail in the recognition of high and holy obligations of a divine nature while giving meticulous attention to things of trifling importance to human welfare in both time and eternity. 이런 유대인들은 예수를 사법적으로 살해하는 음모를 꾸미면서도 양심에는 전혀 꺼림이 없었으며, 그런데도, 의례적인 정결과 전통적 규범에 관한 이 모든 사안에는 그토록 빈틈이 없었습니다. 그리고 시간과 영원의 관점에서 볼 때 인간의 복지에는 하찮기 그지없는 일들에 지나치게 세심한 주의를 기울이면서, 정작 신적 본질이 요구하는 높고 거룩한 의무를 끝내 알아채지 못하는 자들은 비단 이런 유대인들뿐만이 아니었습니다.
1. Pontius Pilate 본디오 빌라도
260208 2류 총독 빌라도 요18:29 그러므로 빌라도가 밖으로 나가서 그들에게 말하되 너희가 무슨 일로 이 사람을 고발하느냐
185:1.1 (1987.5) If Pontius Pilate had not been a reasonably good governor of the minor provinces, Tiberius would hardly have suffered him to remain as procurator of Judea for ten years. Although he was a fairly good administrator, he was a moral coward. He was not a big enough man to comprehend the nature of his task as governor of the Jews. He failed to grasp the fact that these Hebrews had a real religion, a faith for which they were willing to die, and that millions upon millions of them, scattered here and there throughout the empire, looked to Jerusalem as the shrine of their faith and held the Sanhedrin in respect as the highest tribunal on earth. 빌라도가 작은 지방을 상당히 잘 다스리지 않았다면, 티베리우스 황제가 그를 10년이나 유대 총독으로 놔두지 않았을 것입니다. 그는 꽤 괜찮은 행정가였지만, 그는 도덕적 겁쟁이였습니다. 그는 유대 총독으로서 자기 업무의 본질을 이해할 만큼 그릇이 크지 못했습니다. 그는 이 히브리인들이 진정한 종교를 가지고, 신앙을 위해 목숨을 바칠 준비가 되어 있으며 제국 전역의 여기저기에 흩어져 있는 수백만의 그들이 예루살렘을 자신들 신앙의 성소로 바라보고, 산헤드린을 지상 최고의 법정으로 존중하고 있다는 사실도 파악하지 못하고 말았습니다.
185:1.2 (1988.1) Pilate did not love the Jews, and this deep-seated hatred early began to manifest itself. Of all the Roman provinces, none was more difficult to govern than Judea. Pilate never really understood the problems involved in the management of the Jews and, therefore, very early in his experience as governor, made a series of almost fatal and well-nigh suicidal blunders. And it was these blunders that gave the Jews such power over him. When they wanted to influence his decisions, all they had to do was to threaten an uprising, and Pilate would speedily capitulate. And this apparent vacillation, or lack of moral courage, of the procurator was chiefly due to the memory of a number of controversies he had had with the Jews and because in each instance they had worsted him. The Jews knew that Pilate was afraid of them, that he feared for his position before Tiberius, and they employed this knowledge to the great disadvantage of the governor on numerous occasions. 빌라도는 유대인을 혐오했고, 이런 깊은 증오는 초기부터 드러나기 시작했습니다. 로마의 모든 속주 중 유대는 가장 다스리기 힘든 곳이었습니다. 빌라도는 유대인을 다스리는 데 얽힌 난제들을 전혀 이해하지 못한 결과 총독 임기 아주 초기부터 자살 행위나 다름없는 거의 치명적인 실수를 연발했습니다. 그래서 이런 실책들로 인해 유대인들은 그를 그렇게 조종할 힘을 얻게 되었습니다. 그들이 그의 결정에 영향력을 행사하고 싶을 때, 그들이 한 일이라곤 그저 폭동을 일으키겠다고 협박하는 것뿐이었고, 빌라도는 서둘러 항복하곤 했습니다. 총독의 이런 노골적인 우유부단, 즉 도덕적 용기의 부족은 주로 그가 유대인들과 겪었던 수많은 갈등에 대한 기억 때문이었고 매번 그들이 그를 이겼기 때문이었습니다. 유대인들은 빌라도가 자신들을 두려워하며 티베리우스 황제 앞에서 자기 입지를 걱정한다는 것을 알고, 그들은 여러 차례 총독에게 아주 불리하도록 이런 지식을 이용했습니다.
185:1.3 (1988.2) Pilate’s disfavor with the Jews came about as a result of a number of unfortunate encounters. First, he failed to take seriously their deep-seated prejudice against all images as symbols of idol worship. Therefore he permitted his soldiers to enter Jerusalem without removing the images of Caesar from their banners, as had been the practice of the Roman soldiers under his predecessor. A large deputation of Jews waited upon Pilate for five days, imploring him to have these images removed from the military standards. He flatly refused to grant their petition and threatened them with instant death. Pilate, himself being a skeptic, did not understand that men of strong religious feelings will not hesitate to die for their religious convictions; and therefore was he dismayed when these Jews drew themselves up defiantly before his palace, bowed their faces to the ground, and sent word that they were ready to die. Pilate then realized that he had made a threat which he was unwilling to carry out. He surrendered, ordered the images removed from the standards of his soldiers in Jerusalem, and found himself from that day on to a large extent subject to the whims of the Jewish leaders, who had in this way discovered his weakness in making threats which he feared to execute. 빌라도가 유대인들의 반감을 사게 된 것은 여러 불운한 충돌의 결과였습니다. 첫째, 그는 우상 숭배의 상징인 모든 형상에 대해 뿌리 깊은 그들의 편견을 끝내 진지하게 받아들이지 않았습니다. 그래서 그는 전임자 수하의 로마 병사들이 해왔던 관례와 달리, 그들의 군기(軍旗)에서 카이사르의 형상을 제거하지 않은 채 자기 병사들이 예루살렘에 입성하도록 놔두었습니다. 대규모 유대인 대표단이 5일간 빌라도를 기다리며 군기에서 이런 형상들을 제거해 달라고 간청했습니다. 그는 그들의 청원을 들어주기를 단호히 거절하고 그들을 그 자리에서 죽이겠다고 위협했습니다. 빌라도는 자신이 무신론자였기 때문에 강한 종교적 감정을 지닌 사람들이 자신들의 종교적 신념을 위해 죽기를 불사한다는 사실을 이해하지 못했습니다; 그래서 이런 유대인들이 자기 저택 앞에서 도전적으로 대열을 가다듬고 당당히 맞서며, 얼굴을 땅에 대고 엎드린 채 자신들은 죽을 준비가 되어 있다는 말을 전해오자, 그는 당황했습니다. 그제야 빌라도는 자신이 실행할 의사도 없는 위협을 가했다는 사실을 깨달았습니다. 그는 항복하여, 예루살렘에 있는 자기 병사들의 군기에서 형상들을 제거하라고 명령했고, 그날 이후로 그는 유대 지도자들의 변덕에 상당 부분 휘둘리는 처지가 되었는데, 그들은 이런 방식으로 그가 실행하기를 두려워하는 위협을 남발한다는 그의 약점을 간파했습니다.
185:1.4 (1988.3) Pilate subsequently determined to regain this lost prestige and accordingly had the shields of the emperor, such as were commonly used in Caesar worship, put up on the walls of Herod’s palace in Jerusalem. When the Jews protested, he was adamant. When he refused to listen to their protests, they promptly appealed to Rome, and the emperor as promptly ordered the offending shields removed. And then was Pilate held in even lower esteem than before. 빌라도는 이후 이렇게 잃어버린 위신을 되찾기로 결심하고, 그에 따라 카이사르 숭배에 흔히 사용되던 황제의 방패들을 예루살렘에 있는 헤롯 궁전 벽에 걸게 했습니다. 유대인들이 항의했을 때, 그는 요지부동이었습니다. 그가 그들의 항의를 귀를 기울이려 하지 않자, 그들은 즉각 로마에 상소했고, 황제도 즉각 논란이 된 그 방패들을 제거하라고 명령했습니다. 그 결과 빌라도의 위신은 이전보다 훨씬 더 바닥으로 추락했습니다.
185:1.5 (1988.4) Another thing which brought him into great disfavor with the Jews was that he dared to take money from the temple treasury to pay for the construction of a new aqueduct to provide increased water supply for the millions of visitors to Jerusalem at the times of the great religious feasts. The Jews held that only the Sanhedrin could disburse the temple funds, and they never ceased to inveigh against Pilate for this presumptuous ruling. No less than a score of riots and much bloodshed resulted from this decision. The last of these serious outbreaks had to do with the slaughter of a large company of Galileans even as they worshiped at the altar. 그가 유대인의 큰 반감을 산 또 다른 사건은, 대규모 종교 잔치 때 예루살렘을 찾는 수백만 방문객에게 물 공급을 늘리려고 새로운 수로를 건설하는 비용을 위해 그가 감히 성전 금고에서 돈을 가져간 일이었습니다. 유대인들은 성전 기금을 집행할 권한은 오직 산헤드린에게만 있다고 주장했고 그들은 빌라도가 이렇게 오만한 지배적 결정을 내린 것에 대해 끊임없이 통렬히 비난했습니다. 이런 결정으로 인해 무려 스무 차례에 달하는 폭동과 많은 유혈 사태가 벌어졌습니다. 이런 심각한 폭동 중 마지막 사건은 갈릴리 사람들의 큰 무리가 제단에서 예배하던 바로 그 순간에 학살당한 일이었습니다.
260215 빌라도의 비극 요19:16 이에 예수를 십자가에 못 박도록 그들에게 넘겨 주니라
185:1.6 (1988.5) It is significant that, while this vacillating Roman ruler sacrificed Jesus to his fear of the Jews and to safeguard his personal position, he finally was deposed as a result of the needless slaughter of Samaritans in connection with the pretensions of a false Messiah who led troops to Mount Gerizim, where he claimed the temple vessels were buried; and fierce riots broke out when he failed to reveal the hiding place of the sacred vessels, as he had promised. As a result of this episode, the legatus of Syria ordered Pilate to Rome. Tiberius died while Pilate was on the way to Rome, and he was not reappointed as procurator of Judea. He never fully recovered from the regretful condemnation of having consented to the crucifixion of Jesus. Finding no favor in the eyes of the new emperor, he retired to the province of Lausanne, where he subsequently committed suicide. 주목할 만한 사실은 이 우유부단한 로마 통치자가 유대인들을 두려워하고 자기 안위를 지키려고 예수를 희생시켰지만, 그는 결국 거짓 메시아의 근거 없는 주장과 관련하여 불필요하게 사마리아 사람들을 살해한 결과로 파면당했는데, 그 거짓 메시아는 성전 기물이 그리심 산에 묻혀 있다고 주장하면서 무리를 거기로 이끌었습니다; 그가 약속한 대로, 성스러운 그릇들이 숨겨진 장소를 그가 끝내 드러내지 못하자 격렬한 폭동이 일어났습니다. 이런 사건의 결과로 시리아 속주 총독이 빌라도를 로마로 가라고 명령했습니다. 빌라도가 로마에 가는 도중에 티베리우스가 죽었고, 그는 유대의 지방 행정관으로 재임용되지 못했습니다. 그는 예수의 십자가 처형을 허락한 그 후회스러운 유죄 판결에서 결코 완전히 회복되지 못했습니다. 새 황제의 눈에 들지 못한 그는 로잔 지방으로 은퇴하여 이후 거기서 자살했습니다.
185:1.7 (1989.1) Claudia Procula, Pilate’s wife, had heard much of Jesus through the word of her maid-in-waiting, who was a Phoenician believer in the gospel of the kingdom. After the death of Pilate, Claudia became prominently identified with the spread of the good news. 빌라도의 아내, 클라우디아 프로쿨라는 하느님 나라 복음을 믿는 페니키아 출신 시녀를 통해 예수에 대해 많은 이야기를 들었습니다. 빌라도가 죽은 후, 클라우디아는 복음을 전파하는 일에 두드러진 인물로 활동하게 되었습니다.
185:1.8 (1989.2) And all this explains much that transpired on this tragic Friday forenoon. It is easy to understand why the Jews presumed to dictate to Pilate — to get him up at six o’clock to try Jesus — and also why they did not hesitate to threaten to charge him with treason before the emperor if he dared to refuse their demands for Jesus’ death. 이런 모두가 비극적인 이 금요일 오전에 일어난 많은 사건을 설명합니다. 왜 유대인들이 감히 빌라도를 깨워 새벽 6시에 예수를 재판하도록 요구했는지, 또한 그들이 예수의 사형 요구를 그가 감히 거절하면 황제 앞에 그를 반역죄로 고발하겠다고 서슴없이 협박했는지 쉽게 이해할 수 있습니다.
185:1.9 (1989.3) A worthy Roman governor who had not become disadvantageously involved with the rulers of the Jews would never have permitted these bloodthirsty religious fanatics to bring about the death of a man whom he himself had declared to be innocent of their false charges and without fault. Rome made a great blunder, a far-reaching error in earthly affairs, when she sent the second-rate Pilate to govern Palestine. Tiberius had better have sent to the Jews the best provincial administrator in the empire. 유대 통치자들과 불편하게 얽히지 않은 품격 있는 로마 총독이었다면, 그 자신이 그들의 거짓 고발에 대해 무죄하며 허물이 없다고 선언한 사람을 이렇게 피에 굶주린 종교 광신자들이 죽이도록 결코 내버려 두지 않았을 것입니다. 로마가 팔레스타인을 다스리도록 이류 행정관 빌라도를 보낸 것은, 지상 업무에서 지대한 영향을 미친 잘못, 중대한 실수였습니다. 티베리우스는 제국에서 최고의 지방 행정관을 유대인들에게 보냈어야 했습니다.
2. Jesus Appears Before Pilate 빌라도 앞에 선 예수
260222 증오와 냉소의 예수 재판 요18:29-31 29 그러므로 빌라도가 밖으로 나가서 그들에게 말하되 너희가 무슨 일로 이 사람을 고발하느냐 30 대답하여 이르되 이 사람이 행악자가 아니었더라면 우리가 당신에게 넘기지 아니하였겠나이다 31 빌라도가 이르되 너희가 그를 데려다가 너희 법대로 재판하라 유대인들이 이르되 우리에게는 사람을 죽이는 권한이 없나이다 하니
185:2.1 (1989.4) When Jesus and his accusers had gathered in front of Pilate’s judgment hall, the Roman governor came out and, addressing the company assembled, asked, “What accusation do you bring against this fellow?” The Sadducees and councilors who had taken it upon themselves to put Jesus out of the way had determined to go before Pilate and ask for confirmation of the death sentence pronounced upon Jesus, without volunteering any definite charge. Therefore did the spokesman for the Sanhedrist court answer Pilate: “If this man were not an evildoer, we should not have delivered him up to you.” 예수와 그를 고발하는 자들이 빌라도의 재판정 앞에 모였을 때, 로마 총독이 나와서 모인 무리에게 말을 걸며 물었습니다, “너희는 이 사람을 무슨 죄로 고발하느냐?” 예수를 제거하기로 작정한 사두개인들과 의원들은 어떤 명확한 죄목도 제시하지 않은 채로 빌라도 앞에 가서 예수에게 자신들이 내린 사형 선고의 확정을 요청하기로 결심했습니다. 그래서 산헤드린 법정의 대변인이 빌라도에게 대답했습니다. “이 사람이 행악자가 아니었다면 우리가 당신에게 넘기지도 않았을 것입니다(요18.29-30).”
185:2.2 (1989.5) When Pilate observed that they were reluctant to state their charges against Jesus, although he knew they had been all night engaged in deliberations regarding his guilt, he answered them: “Since you have not agreed on any definite charges, why do you not take this man and pass judgment on him in accordance with your own laws?” 빌라도는 그들이 밤새도록 그의 유죄 여부에 대한 심의에 매달려 있었다는 것을 알고 있었지만, 그들이 예수에 대한 고발 내용을 밝히기를 주저하는 모습을 보며 그들에게 대답했습니다: “너희가 구체적인 죄목에 합의하지 못했으니, 너희가 이 사람을 데려가서 너희 법대로 그를 재판하는 것이 어떻겠느냐(요18.31a)?”
185:2.3 (1989.6) Then spoke the clerk of the Sanhedrin court to Pilate: “It is not lawful for us to put any man to death, and this disturber of our nation is worthy to die for the things which he has said and done. Therefore have we come before you for confirmation of this decree.” 그때 산헤드린 법정의 서기가 빌라도에게 말했습니다: “우리에게는 사람을 사형에 처할 권한이 없으며, 우리 민족을 어지럽히는 이 자는 자신이 말하고 했던 일들 탓에 죽어 마땅합니다. 그래서 우리는 이 판결을 확정하려고 당신 앞에 왔습니다(요18.31b).”
185:2.4 (1989.7) To come before the Roman governor with this attempt at evasion discloses both the ill-will and the ill-humor of the Sanhedrists toward Jesus as well as their lack of respect for the fairness, honor, and dignity of Pilate. What effrontery for these subject citizens to appear before their provincial governor asking for a decree of execution against a man before affording him a fair trial and without even preferring definite criminal charges against him! 이렇게 회피하려는 시도로 로마 총독 앞에 온 것은 예수를 향한 산헤드린의 악의(惡意)와 나쁜 감정 모두를 드러낼 뿐만 아니라, 빌라도의 공정함, 명예 그리고 위엄을 무시하는 처사였습니다. 이런 피지배층 시민들이 지방 총독 앞에 나타나 공정한 재판을 받게 하기도 전에 심지어 구체적인 형사 고발을 제기하지도 않은 채 사람에 대해서 사형 집행을 요구하다니 이 얼마나 뻔뻔한 일인가!
185:2.5 (1990.1) Pilate knew something of Jesus’ work among the Jews, and he surmised that the charges which might be brought against him had to do with infringements of the Jewish ecclesiastical laws; therefore he sought to refer the case back to their own tribunal. Again, Pilate took delight in making them publicly confess that they were powerless to pronounce and execute the death sentence upon even one of their own race whom they had come to despise with a bitter and envious hatred. 빌라도는 유대인들 사이에서 예수가 행한 활동을 어느 정도 알고 있었고, 그에게 제기될 수도 있는 고발이 유대 종교법 위반과 관련이 있다고 짐작했습니다; 그래서 그는 그 사건을 그들 자신의 법정으로 되돌려보내려 했습니다. 또한 빌라도는 그들이 지독하고 시기 어린 증오로 경멸하게 된 자기 동족 한 사람조차 사형을 선고하고 집행할 능력이 없다는 사실을 공개적으로 자백하게 만드는 일을 즐겼습니다.
185:2.6 (1990.2) It was a few hours previously, shortly before midnight and after he had granted permission to use Roman soldiers in effecting the secret arrest of Jesus, that Pilate had heard further concerning Jesus and his teaching from his wife, Claudia, who was a partial convert to Judaism, and who later on became a full-fledged believer in Jesus’ gospel. 몇 시간 전, 자정 직전, 비밀리에 예수를 체포하도록 로마 병사를 사용하도록 허락한 후, 빌라도는 아내 클라우디아로부터 예수와 그의 가르침에 대해 더 자세히 들었는데, 그녀는 유대교로 어느 정도 개종한 상태였고 나중에는 예수의 복음을 온전히 믿는 신자가 되었습니다.
185:2.7 (1990.3) Pilate would have liked to postpone this hearing, but he saw the Jewish leaders were determined to proceed with the case. He knew that this was not only the forenoon of preparation for the Passover, but that this day, being Friday, was also the preparation day for the Jewish Sabbath of rest and worship. 빌라도는 이 공판을 연기하고 싶었지만, 유대 지도자들이 사건을 강행하기로 결심한 것을 보았습니다. 그는 이날이 유월절을 준비하는 오전일 뿐만 아니라 금요일로써 유대인들이 안식하고 예배하는 안식일을 준비하는 날임을 알고 있었습니다.
260301 예수의 기품과 빌라도의 전율 눅23:2 고발하여 이르되 우리가 이 사람을 보매 우리 백성을 미혹하고 가이사에게 세금 바치는 것을 금하며 자칭 왕 그리스도라 하더이다 하니
185:2.8 (1990.4) Pilate, being keenly sensitive to the disrespectful manner of the approach of these Jews, was not willing to comply with their demands that Jesus be sentenced to death without a trial. When, therefore, he had waited a few moments for them to present their charges against the prisoner, he turned to them and said: “I will not sentence this man to death without a trial; neither will I consent to examine him until you have presented your charges against him in writing.” 빌라도는 이런 유대인들이 접근하는 무례한 태도에 몹시 예민해져 있어서, 재판도 없이 예수에게 사형을 선고하라는 그들의 요구에 따를 마음이 없었습니다. 그래서 그들이 죄수에 대한 고발 내용을 제시하도록 잠시 기다린 다음, 그가 그들에게 돌아서서 말했습니다: “나는 재판 없이 이 사람에게 사형판결을 내리지 않을 것이다. 또한 당신들이 그에 대한 고발 내용을 서면으로 제출하기 전에는 그를 심문하는 것에 나는 동의하지 않을 것이다.”
185:2.9 (1990.5) When the high priest and the others heard Pilate say this, they signaled to the clerk of the court, who then handed to Pilate the written charges against Jesus. And these charges were: 대사제와 다른 사람들이 빌라도의 이 말을 듣고 법정 서기에게 신호를 보내자, 그는 예수에 대한 서면 고발장을 빌라도에게 건네주었습니다. 그 고발 내용은 다음과 같았습니다:
185:2.10 (1990.6) “We find in the Sanhedrist tribunal that this man is an evildoer and a disturber of our nation in that he is guilty of: “우리는 산헤드린 법정에서 이 사람이 행악자이며 우리 민족을 소란케 하는 자임을 발견하였으니, 그는 다음의 죄목으로 유죄입니다(마27,12, 막15.3, 눅23.2):
185:2.11 (1990.7) “1. Perverting our nation and stirring up our people to rebellion. 우리 민족을 미혹하고 우리 백성을 반란으로 선동함.
185:2.12 (1990.8) “2. Forbidding the people to pay tribute to Caesar. 백성들이 카이사르에게 세금을 바치는 것을 금함.
185:2.13 (1990.9) “3. Calling himself the king of the Jews and teaching the founding of a new kingdom.” 스스로 유대인의 왕이라 부르며 새로운 나라의 건설을 가르침.“
185:2.14 (1990.10) Jesus had not been regularly tried nor legally convicted on any of these charges. He did not even hear these charges when first stated, but Pilate had him brought from the praetorium, where he was in the keeping of the guards, and he insisted that these charges be repeated in Jesus’ hearing. 예수는 이들 혐의로 정식 재판을 받거나 법적으로 유죄 판결을 받은 적이 없었습니다. 그는 처음에 고발이 제기되었을 때조차 이 내용을 듣지 못했으나, 빌라도는 그를 경비병들이 지키고 있던 관저에서 데려오게 하여 그 고발 내용들을 예수의 귀에 들리도록 반복해서 진술하도록 요구했습니다.
185:2.15 (1990.11) When Jesus heard these accusations, he well knew that he had not been heard on these matters before the Jewish court, and so did John Zebedee and his accusers, but he made no reply to their false charges. Even when Pilate bade him answer his accusers, he opened not his mouth. Pilate was so astonished at the unfairness of the whole proceeding and so impressed by Jesus’ silent and masterly bearing that he decided to take the prisoner inside the hall and examine him privately. 예수가 이런 고발을 들었을 때, 그는 유대 법정에서 이 문제들로 심문을 받은 적이 없음을 분명히 알고 있었고, 요한 세베대와 그의 고발자들도 마찬가지였으나, 그는 그들의 허위 고발에 대해 아무런 응답도 하지 않았습니다. 빌라도가 그에게 고발자들에게 답하라고 명령했을 때조차 그는 입을 열지 않았습니다. 빌라도는 전체 절차의 불공정성에 매우 놀랐고, 예수의 침묵 어린 기품 있는 태도에 깊은 인상을 받아 죄수를 홀 안으로 데려가 비공개로 심문하기로 했습니다.
185:2.16 (1990.12) Pilate was confused in mind, fearful of the Jews in his heart, and mightily stirred in his spirit by the spectacle of Jesus’ standing there in majesty before his bloodthirsty accusers and gazing down on them, not in silent contempt, but with an expression of genuine pity and sorrowful affection. 빌라도는 마음이 혼란스러웠고, 속으로는 유대인들을 두려워했으나, 피에 굶주린 고발자들 앞에 위엄 있게 서서 그들을 내려다보시는 예수의 모습에 영적으로 큰 감동에 사로잡혔는데, 예수의 표정은 침묵 어린 경멸이 아니라, 진실한 연민과 슬픔이 섞인 애정이 담겨 있었기 때문입니다.
3. The Private Examination by Pilate 빌라도의 비공개 심문
260308 신앙 패밀리의 왕, 예수 요18:33-38 33 이에 빌라도가 다시 관정에 들어가 예수를 불러 이르되 네가 유대인의 왕이냐 34 예수께서 대답하시되 이는 네가 스스로 하는 말이냐 다른 사람들이 나에 대하여 네게 한 말이냐 35 빌라도가 대답하되 내가 유대인이냐 네 나라 사람과 대제사장들이 너를 내게 넘겼으니 네가 무엇을 하였느냐 36 예수께서 대답하시되 내 나라는 이 세상에 속한 것이 아니니라 만일 내 나라가 이 세상에 속한 것이었더라면 내 종들이 싸워 나로 유대인들에게 넘겨지지 않게 하였으리라 이제 내 나라는 여기에 속한 것이 아니니라 37 빌라도가 이르되 그러면 네가 왕이 아니냐 예수께서 대답하시되 네 말과 같이 내가 왕이니라 내가 이를 위하여 태어났으며 이를 위하여 세상에 왔나니 곧 진리에 대하여 증언하려 함이로라 무릇 진리에 속한 자는 내 음성을 듣느니라 하신대 38 빌라도가 이르되 진리가 무엇이냐 하더라 이 말을 하고 다시 유대인들에게 나가서 이르되 나는 그에게서 아무 죄도 찾지 못하였노라
185:3.1 (1991.1) Pilate took Jesus and John Zebedee into a private chamber, leaving the guards outside in the hall, and requesting the prisoner to sit down, he sat down by his side and asked several questions. Pilate began his talk with Jesus by assuring him that he did not believe the first count against him: that he was a perverter of the nation and an inciter to rebellion. Then he asked, “Did you ever teach that tribute should be refused Caesar?” Jesus, pointing to John, said, “Ask him or any other man who has heard my teaching.” Then Pilate questioned John about this matter of tribute, and John testified concerning his Master’s teaching and explained that Jesus and his apostles paid taxes both to Caesar and to the temple. When Pilate had questioned John, he said, “See that you tell no man that I talked with you.” And John never did reveal this matter. 빌라도는 경비병들을 복도에 남겨둔 채 예수와 요한 세베대를 개인 방으로 데려와, 죄수에게 앉으라고 권한 뒤, 자신도 그 옆에 앉아 몇 가지 질문을 했습니다. 빌라도는 예수에 대한 첫 번째 혐의, 즉 그가 민족을 타락시키고 반란을 선동했다는 것을 믿지 않는다고 그를 안심시키며 그와 대화를 시작했습니다. 그리고 그가 질문했습니다, “그대는 카이사르에게 조세 바치지 말아야 한다고 가르친 적이 있었는가?” 예수는 요한을 가리키며 말했습니다, “저 사람이나 내 가르침을 들은 다른 사람에게 물어보시오.” 그러자 빌라도가 요한에게 이런 조세 문제에 관해 묻자, 요한은 자기 주님의 가르침에 대해 증언하며 예수와 그의 사도들이 카이사르와 성전 양쪽에 세금을 냈다고 설명했습니다. 빌라도가 요한에게 질문을 마친 후, “내가 너와 대화한 것을 아무에게도 말하지 말라”고 그에게 단단히 일러두었습니다. 요한은 이 일은 절대로 밝히지 않았습니다.
185:3.2 (1991.2) Pilate then turned around to question Jesus further, saying: “And now about the third accusation against you, are you the king of the Jews?” Since there was a tone of possibly sincere inquiry in Pilate’s voice, Jesus smiled on the procurator and said: “Pilate, do you ask this for yourself, or do you take this question from these others, my accusers?” Whereupon, in a tone of partial indignation, the governor answered: “Am I a Jew? Your own people and the chief priests delivered you up and asked me to sentence you to death. I question the validity of their charges and am only trying to find out for myself what you have done. Tell me, have you said that you are the king of the Jews, and have you sought to found a new kingdom?” 그런 후 빌라도는 예수께 돌아서서 추가 질문을 던졌습니다: “이제 그대에 대한 세 번째 고발에 관해 묻겠는데, 그대는 유대인의 왕인가?” 빌라도의 목소리에 아마 진지한 탐구의 어조가 섞여 있어서, 예수는 총독에게 미소를 지으며 말했습니다: “빌라도여, 당신은 스스로 이렇게 질문한 것이오, 아니면 이렇게 나를 고발하는 저들에게서 이런 질문을 받은 것이오?” 그러자 총독은 약간 분개한 어조로 대답했습니다: “내가 유대인인가? 그대의 동족과 제사장들이 그를 네게 넘겼고 그대에게 사형을 선고하라고 요청했노라. 나는 그들의 고발이 타당한지 의문스럽고, 그대가 무엇을 했는지 직접 파악하려고 애쓸 뿐이라. 말해보라, 그대가 유대인의 왕이라고 말한 적이 있는가, 그리고 그대는 새 왕국을 세우려 했는가(요18.33-35)?”
185:3.3 (1991.3) Then said Jesus to Pilate: “Do you not perceive that my kingdom is not of this world? If my kingdom were of this world, surely would my disciples fight that I should not be delivered into the hands of the Jews. My presence here before you in these bonds is sufficient to show all men that my kingdom is a spiritual dominion, even the brotherhood of men who, through faith and by love, have become the sons of God. And this salvation is for the gentile as well as for the Jew.” 그러자 예수께서 빌라도에게 말했습니다: “내 나라가 이 세상에 속하지 않은 것을 당신이 이해하지 못하는가? 내 나라가 이 세상에 속했더라면, 분명 내 제자들이 싸워서 내가 유대인들의 손에 넘겨지지 않도록 했을 것이라. 내가 이렇게 결박되어 여기 당신 앞에 있는 것 자체가, 내 나라는 영적 주권이며, 신앙을 통해 사랑으로 하느님의 아들(자녀)들이 된 사람들의 바로, 형제공동체임을 모든 사람에게 보여주기에 충분하니라. 그리고 이 구원은 유대인뿐만 아니라 이방인을 위한 것이기도 하노라(요18.36).”
185:3.4 (1991.4) “Then you are a king after all?” said Pilate. And Jesus answered: “Yes, I am such a king, and my kingdom is the family of the faith sons of my Father who is in heaven. For this purpose was I born into this world, even that I should show my Father to all men and bear witness to the truth of God. And even now do I declare to you that every one who loves the truth hears my voice.” “그러면 결국 그대가 왕이란 말인가?”라고 빌라도가 말했습니다. 예수가 대답했습니다: “그렇도다, 나는 그런 왕이니라, 내 나라는 하늘에 계신 내 아버지의 신앙 아들(자녀)들로 이루어진 가족이니라. 이런 목적으로 내가 이 세상에 태어났으니, 바로 모든 사람에게 내 아버지를 보여주고 하느님의 진리를 증언하기 위함이라. 지금도 내가 당신에게 선언하노니, 진리를 사랑하는 자는 누구나 내 목소리를 듣느니라(요18.37).”
185:3.5 (1991.5) Then said Pilate, half in ridicule and half in sincerity, “Truth, what is truth — who knows?” 그러자 빌라도는 반은 조소하며, 반은 진심을 담아 말했습니다, “진리, 진리가 무엇인가 – 누가 알겠는가(요18.38a)?”
185:3.6 (1991.6) Pilate was not able to fathom Jesus’ words, nor was he able to understand the nature of his spiritual kingdom, but he was now certain that the prisoner had done nothing worthy of death. One look at Jesus, face to face, was enough to convince even Pilate that this gentle and weary, but majestic and upright, man was no wild and dangerous revolutionary who aspired to establish himself on the temporal throne of Israel. Pilate thought he understood something of what Jesus meant when he called himself a king, for he was familiar with the teachings of the Stoics, who declared that “the wise man is king.” Pilate was thoroughly convinced that, instead of being a dangerous seditionmonger, Jesus was nothing more or less than a harmless visionary, an innocent fanatic. 빌라도는 예수의 말씀을 깊이 헤아릴 수 없었고 그의 영적 나라의 본질도 이해할 수 없었지만, 그는 이제 죄수가 죽어 마땅한 어떤 일도 전혀 하지 않았음을 확신했습니다. 예수와 얼굴을 마주하여 직접 한 번 보는 것만으로도, 이렇게 온화하고 지쳤으나 위엄 있고 올곧은 사람이 이스라엘의 세속적 왕좌를 차지하려고 야심을 품은, 거칠고 위험한 혁명가가 아니라는 사실을 빌라도조차 확신하기에 충분했습니다. 빌라도는 예수가 자신을 왕이라 부를 때 그 의미가 무엇인지 어느 정도 이해했다고 생각했는데, 이는 그가 “지혜로운 사람이 바로 왕이다.”라고 선포했던 스토아학파의 가르침에 익숙했기 때문입니다. 빌라도는 예수가 위험한 선동가이기는커녕 그야말로 해롭지 않은 공상가, 순진한 광신자에 불과하다고 철저히 확신했습니다.
185:3.7 (1991.7) After questioning the Master, Pilate went back to the chief priests and the accusers of Jesus and said: “I have examined this man, and I find no fault in him. I do not think he is guilty of the charges you have made against him; I think he ought to be set free.” And when the Jews heard this, they were moved with great anger, so much so that they wildly shouted that Jesus should die; and one of the Sanhedrists boldly stepped up by the side of Pilate, saying: “This man stirs up the people, beginning in Galilee and continuing throughout all Judea. He is a mischief-maker and an evildoer. You will long regret it if you let this wicked man go free.” 주님을 심문한 후, 빌라도는 제사장들과 예수의 고발자들에게 돌아가 말했습니다: “내가 이 사람을 조사했는데, 나는 그에게서 아무런 죄를 찾지 못했노라. 나는 너희가 그에게 제기한 혐의에 대해 유죄라고 생각하지 않노라: 그는 마땅히 석방되어야 한다고 보노라.” 유대인들은 이 말을 듣고 어찌나 크게 분노했던지 예수가 죽어야 한다고 미친 듯이 외칠 정도였습니다; 산헤드린 회원 중 하나가 빌라도 옆으로 대담하게 다가와 말했습니다: “이 사람은 갈릴리에서 시작해 온 유대 땅에서 계속 사람들을 선동합니다. 그는 소란을 일으키는 자이며 행악자입니다. 이 사악한 자를 풀어준다면 당신은 오래도록 후회할 것입니다(요18.38b).”
185:3.8 (1992.1) Pilate was hard pressed to know what to do with Jesus; therefore, when he heard them say that he began his work in Galilee, he thought to avoid the responsibility of deciding the case, at least to gain time for thought, by sending Jesus to appear before Herod, who was then in the city attending the Passover. Pilate also thought that this gesture would help to antidote some of the bitter feeling which had existed for some time between himself and Herod, due to numerous misunderstandings over matters of jurisdiction. 빌라도는 예수를 어떻게 처리해야 할지 곤혹스러웠습니다; 그러다 그들이 예수가 갈릴리에서 그의 일을 시작했다고 말하는 것을 듣자, 그는 적어도 생각할 시간을 벌기 위해 예수를 헤롯 앞으로 보내어 사건에 대한 판결의 책임을 피하려고 생각했는데, 마침 헤롯은 유월절을 지내려고 도시에 와 있었습니다. 빌라도는 또한 이런 조치가 관할권 문제에 대한 수많은 오해로 인해 한동안 자신과 헤롯 사이에 존재했던 껄끄러운 감정을 어느 정도 해소하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 생각했습니다(눅23.3-6).
185:3.9 (1992.2) Pilate, calling the guards, said: “This man is a Galilean. Take him forthwith to Herod, and when he has examined him, report his findings to me.” And they took Jesus to Herod. 빌라도는 경비병들을 불러서 말했습니다: “이 사람은 갈릴리 사람이다. 그를 즉시 헤롯에게 데려가라, 그리고 그가 심문을 마치면 그 결과를 내게 보고하라.” 그래서 그들은 예수를 헤롯에게 데려갔습니다(눅23.7).
4. Jesus Before Herod 헤롯 앞에 선 예수
185:4.1 (1992.3) When Herod Antipas stopped in Jerusalem, he dwelt in the old Maccabean palace of Herod the Great, and it was to this home of the former king that Jesus was now taken by the temple guards, and he was followed by his accusers and an increasing multitude. Herod had long heard of Jesus, and he was very curious about him. When the Son of Man stood before him, on this Friday morning, the wicked Idumean never for one moment recalled the lad of former years who had appeared before him in Sepphoris pleading for a just decision regarding the money due his father, who had been accidentally killed while at work on one of the public buildings. As far as Herod knew, he had never seen Jesus, although he had worried a great deal about him when his work had been centered in Galilee. Now that he was in custody of Pilate and the Judeans, Herod was desirous of seeing him, feeling secure against any trouble from him in the future. Herod had heard much about the miracles wrought by Jesus, and he really hoped to see him do some wonder.
185:4.2 (1992.4) When they brought Jesus before Herod, the tetrarch was startled by his stately appearance and the calm composure of his countenance. For some fifteen minutes Herod asked Jesus questions, but the Master would not answer. Herod taunted and dared him to perform a miracle, but Jesus would not reply to his many inquiries or respond to his taunts.
185:4.3 (1992.5) Then Herod turned to the chief priests and the Sadducees and, giving ear to their accusations, heard all and more than Pilate had listened to regarding the alleged evil doings of the Son of Man. Finally, being convinced that Jesus would neither talk nor perform a wonder for him, Herod, after making fun of him for a time, arrayed him in an old purple royal robe and sent him back to Pilate. Herod knew he had no jurisdiction over Jesus in Judea. Though he was glad to believe that he was finally to be rid of Jesus in Galilee, he was thankful that it was Pilate who had the responsibility of putting him to death. Herod never had fully recovered from the fear that cursed him as a result of killing John the Baptist. Herod had at certain times even feared that Jesus was John risen from the dead. Now he was relieved of that fear since he observed that Jesus was a very different sort of person from the outspoken and fiery prophet who dared to expose and denounce his private life.
5. Jesus Returns to Pilate 빌라도에게 되돌아온 예수
185:5.1 (1993.1) When the guards had brought Jesus back to Pilate, he went out on the front steps of the praetorium, where his judgment seat had been placed, and calling together the chief priests and Sanhedrists, said to them: “You brought this man before me with charges that he perverts the people, forbids the payment of taxes, and claims to be king of the Jews. I have examined him and fail to find him guilty of these charges. In fact, I find no fault in him. Then I sent him to Herod, and the tetrarch must have reached the same conclusion since he has sent him back to us. Certainly, nothing worthy of death has been done by this man. If you still think he needs to be disciplined, I am willing to chastise him before I release him.”
185:5.2 (1993.2) Just as the Jews were about to engage in shouting their protests against the release of Jesus, a vast crowd came marching up to the praetorium for the purpose of asking Pilate for the release of a prisoner in honor of the Passover feast. For some time it had been the custom of the Roman governors to allow the populace to choose some imprisoned or condemned man for pardon at the time of the Passover. And now that this crowd had come before him to ask for the release of a prisoner, and since Jesus had so recently been in great favor with the multitudes, it occurred to Pilate that he might possibly extricate himself from his predicament by proposing to this group that, since Jesus was now a prisoner before his judgment seat, he release to them this man of Galilee as the token of Passover good will.
185:5.3 (1993.3) As the crowd surged up on the steps of the building, Pilate heard them calling out the name of one Barabbas. Barabbas was a noted political agitator and murderous robber, the son of a priest, who had recently been apprehended in the act of robbery and murder on the Jericho road. This man was under sentence to die as soon as the Passover festivities were over.
185:5.4 (1993.4) Pilate stood up and explained to the crowd that Jesus had been brought to him by the chief priests, who sought to have him put to death on certain charges, and that he did not think the man was worthy of death. Said Pilate: “Which, therefore, would you prefer that I release to you, this Barabbas, the murderer, or this Jesus of Galilee?” And when Pilate had thus spoken, the chief priests and the Sanhedrin councilors all shouted at the top of their voices, “Barabbas, Barabbas!” And when the people saw that the chief priests were minded to have Jesus put to death, they quickly joined in the clamor for his life while they loudly shouted for the release of Barabbas.
185:5.5 (1993.5) A few days before this the multitude had stood in awe of Jesus, but the mob did not look up to one who, having claimed to be the Son of God, now found himself in the custody of the chief priests and the rulers and on trial before Pilate for his life. Jesus could be a hero in the eyes of the populace when he was driving the money-changers and the traders out of the temple, but not when he was a nonresisting prisoner in the hands of his enemies and on trial for his life.
185:5.6 (1993.6) Pilate was angered at the sight of the chief priests clamoring for the pardon of a notorious murderer while they shouted for the blood of Jesus. He saw their malice and hatred and perceived their prejudice and envy. Therefore he said to them: “How could you choose the life of a murderer in preference to this man’s whose worst crime is that he figuratively calls himself the king of the Jews?” But this was not a wise statement for Pilate to make. The Jews were a proud people, now subject to the Roman political yoke but hoping for the coming of a Messiah who would deliver them from gentile bondage with a great show of power and glory. They resented, more than Pilate could know, the intimation that this meek-mannered teacher of strange doctrines, now under arrest and charged with crimes worthy of death, should be referred to as “the king of the Jews.” They looked upon such a remark as an insult to everything which they held sacred and honorable in their national existence, and therefore did they all let loose their mighty shouts for Barabbas’s release and Jesus’ death.
185:5.7 (1994.1) Pilate knew Jesus was innocent of the charges brought against him, and had he been a just and courageous judge, he would have acquitted him and turned him loose. But he was afraid to defy these angry Jews, and while he hesitated to do his duty, a messenger came up and presented him with a sealed message from his wife, Claudia.
185:5.8 (1994.2) Pilate indicated to those assembled before him that he wished to read the communication which he had just received before he proceeded further with the matter before him. When Pilate opened this letter from his wife, he read: “I pray you have nothing to do with this innocent and just man whom they call Jesus. I have suffered many things in a dream this night because of him.” This note from Claudia not only greatly upset Pilate and thereby delayed the adjudication of this matter, but it unfortunately also provided considerable time in which the Jewish rulers freely circulated among the crowd and urged the people to call for the release of Barabbas and to clamor for the crucifixion of Jesus.
185:5.9 (1994.3) Finally, Pilate addressed himself once more to the solution of the problem which confronted him, by asking the mixed assembly of Jewish rulers and the pardon-seeking crowd, “What shall I do with him who is called the king of the Jews?” And they all shouted with one accord, “Crucify him! Crucify him!” The unanimity of this demand from the mixed multitude startled and alarmed Pilate, the unjust and fear-ridden judge.
185:5.10 (1994.4) Then once more Pilate said: “Why would you crucify this man? What evil has he done? Who will come forward to testify against him?” But when they heard Pilate speak in defense of Jesus, they only cried out all the more, “Crucify him! Crucify him!”
185:5.11 (1994.5) Then again Pilate appealed to them regarding the release of the Passover prisoner, saying: “Once more I ask you, which of these prisoners shall I release to you at this, your Passover time?” And again the crowd shouted, “Give us Barabbas!”
185:5.12 (1994.6) Then said Pilate: “If I release the murderer, Barabbas, what shall I do with Jesus?” And once more the multitude shouted in unison, “Crucify him! Crucify him!”
185:5.13 (1994.7) Pilate was terrorized by the insistent clamor of the mob, acting under the direct leadership of the chief priests and the councilors of the Sanhedrin; nevertheless, he decided upon at least one more attempt to appease the crowd and save Jesus.
6. Pilate’s Last Appeal 빌라도의 마지막 호소
185:6.1 (1994.8) In all that is transpiring early this Friday morning before Pilate, only the enemies of Jesus are participating. His many friends either do not yet know of his night arrest and early morning trial or are in hiding lest they also be apprehended and adjudged worthy of death because they believe Jesus’ teachings. In the multitude which now clamors for the Master’s death are to be found only his sworn enemies and the easily led and unthinking populace.
185:6.2 (1995.1) Pilate would make one last appeal to their pity. Being afraid to defy the clamor of this misled mob who cried for the blood of Jesus, he ordered the Jewish guards and the Roman soldiers to take Jesus and scourge him. This was in itself an unjust and illegal procedure since the Roman law provided that only those condemned to die by crucifixion should be thus subjected to scourging. The guards took Jesus into the open courtyard of the praetorium for this ordeal. Though his enemies did not witness this scourging, Pilate did, and before they had finished this wicked abuse, he directed the scourgers to desist and indicated that Jesus should be brought to him. Before the scourgers laid their knotted whips upon Jesus as he was bound to the whipping post, they again put upon him the purple robe, and plaiting a crown of thorns, they placed it upon his brow. And when they had put a reed in his hand as a mock scepter, they knelt before him and mocked him, saying, “Hail, king of the Jews!” And they spit upon him and struck him in the face with their hands. And one of them, before they returned him to Pilate, took the reed from his hand and struck him upon the head.
185:6.3 (1995.2) Then Pilate led forth this bleeding and lacerated prisoner and, presenting him before the mixed multitude, said: “Behold the man! Again I declare to you that I find no crime in him, and having scourged him, I would release him.”
185:6.4 (1995.3) There stood Jesus of Nazareth, clothed in an old purple royal robe with a crown of thorns piercing his kindly brow. His face was bloodstained and his form bowed down with suffering and grief. But nothing can appeal to the unfeeling hearts of those who are victims of intense emotional hatred and slaves to religious prejudice. This sight sent a mighty shudder through the realms of a vast universe, but it did not touch the hearts of those who had set their minds to effect the destruction of Jesus.
185:6.5 (1995.4) When they had recovered from the first shock of seeing the Master’s plight, they only shouted the louder and the longer, “Crucify him! Crucify him! Crucify him!”
185:6.6 (1995.5) And now did Pilate comprehend that it was futile to appeal to their supposed feelings of pity. He stepped forward and said: “I perceive that you are determined this man shall die, but what has he done to deserve death? Who will declare his crime?”
185:6.7 (1995.6) Then the high priest himself stepped forward and, going up to Pilate, angrily declared: “We have a sacred law, and by that law this man ought to die because he made himself out to be the Son of God.” When Pilate heard this, he was all the more afraid, not only of the Jews, but recalling his wife’s note and the Greek mythology of the gods coming down on earth, he now trembled at the thought of Jesus possibly being a divine personage. He waved to the crowd to hold its peace while he took Jesus by the arm and again led him inside the building that he might further examine him. Pilate was now confused by fear, bewildered by superstition, and harassed by the stubborn attitude of the mob.
7. Pilate’s Last Interview 빌라도의 마지막 면담
185:7.1 (1995.7) As Pilate, trembling with fearful emotion, sat down by the side of Jesus, he inquired: “Where do you come from? Really, who are you? What is this they say, that you are the Son of God?”
185:7.2 (1996.1) But Jesus could hardly answer such questions when asked by a man-fearing, weak, and vacillating judge who was so unjust as to subject him to flogging even when he had declared him innocent of all crime, and before he had been duly sentenced to die. Jesus looked Pilate straight in the face, but he did not answer him. Then said Pilate: “Do you refuse to speak to me? Do you not realize that I still have power to release you or to crucify you?” Then said Jesus: “You could have no power over me except it were permitted from above. You could exercise no authority over the Son of Man unless the Father in heaven allowed it. But you are not so guilty since you are ignorant of the gospel. He who betrayed me and he who delivered me to you, they have the greater sin.”
185:7.3 (1996.2) This last talk with Jesus thoroughly frightened Pilate. This moral coward and judicial weakling now labored under the double weight of the superstitious fear of Jesus and mortal dread of the Jewish leaders.
185:7.4 (1996.3) Again Pilate appeared before the crowd, saying: “I am certain this man is only a religious offender. You should take him and judge him by your law. Why should you expect that I would consent to his death because he has clashed with your traditions?”
185:7.5 (1996.4) Pilate was just about ready to release Jesus when Caiaphas, the high priest, approached the cowardly Roman judge and, shaking an avenging finger in Pilate’s face, said with angry words which the entire multitude could hear: “If you release this man, you are not Caesar’s friend, and I will see that the emperor knows all.” This public threat was too much for Pilate. Fear for his personal fortunes now eclipsed all other considerations, and the cowardly governor ordered Jesus brought out before the judgment seat. As the Master stood there before them, he pointed to him and tauntingly said, “Behold your king.” And the Jews answered, “Away with him. Crucify him!” And then Pilate said, with much irony and sarcasm, “Shall I crucify your king?” And the Jews answered, “Yes, crucify him! We have no king but Caesar.” And then did Pilate realize that there was no hope of saving Jesus since he was unwilling to defy the Jews.
8. Pilate’s Tragic Surrender 빌라도의 비극적인 굴복
185:8.1 (1996.5) Here stood the Son of God incarnate as the Son of Man. He was arrested without indictment; accused without evidence; adjudged without witnesses; punished without a verdict; and now was soon to be condemned to die by an unjust judge who confessed that he could find no fault in him. If Pilate had thought to appeal to their patriotism by referring to Jesus as the “king of the Jews,” he utterly failed. The Jews were not expecting any such a king. The declaration of the chief priests and the Sadducees, “We have no king but Caesar,” was a shock even to the unthinking populace, but it was too late now to save Jesus even had the mob dared to espouse the Master’s cause.
185:8.2 (1996.6) Pilate was afraid of a tumult or a riot. He dared not risk having such a disturbance during Passover time in Jerusalem. He had recently received a reprimand from Caesar, and he would not risk another. The mob cheered when he ordered the release of Barabbas. Then he ordered a basin and some water, and there before the multitude he washed his hands, saying: “I am innocent of the blood of this man. You are determined that he shall die, but I have found no guilt in him. See you to it. The soldiers will lead him forth.” And then the mob cheered and replied, “His blood be on us and on our children.”